When it comes to AVR microcontrollers the most common programming option is In-System Programming (ISP). ISP interface is easy to use but in some scenarios it is totally unusable. The most common ...

Many microcontrollers feature a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) output that can be low-pass filtered to produce a variable dc voltage. Without additional circuitry, however, this technique is limited to ...

In all but the most pedestrian of cases, you really should consider some form of input protection between your sensors and your computational platform. In my “Beginner’s Guide to Sensor Interfacing ...

A way to apply the output of certain sensors to a TTL/CMOS-level iput on a microcontroller. Sensor must have an NPN output stage that can support a pullup to its power rail. With just a few components ...