However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

For decades, dogma dictated that the immune system consisted of two separate branches. Cells of the innate system respond rapidly to molecular patterns shared by a broad array of pathogens. Meanwhile, ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...