Radiation-hardened phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits represent a critical advancement in safeguarding electronic systems against the deleterious effects of ionising radiation. These circuits are ...

If you want a stable oscillator, you usually think of using a crystal. The piezoelectric qualities of quartz means that it can be cut in a particular way that it will oscillate at a very precise ...

The phase locked loop, or PLL, is a real workhorse of circuit design. It is a classic feedback loop where the phase of an oscillator is locked to the phase of a ...

A comparator is an electronic component that outputs different voltage results at the output by comparing the magnitude of the current or voltage at the two inputs. This article describes the ...

A general-purpose vector signal analyzer offers a low-cost, flexible option for measuring the frequency settling time of PLLs. By Douglas Olney, Keithley Instruments Inc. The frequency-settling time ...