Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Machines and processes are controlled using many strategies, from simple ladder logic to custom algorithms for specialized process control, but proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most ...

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used extensively throughout the world. Over time, they have advanced to become more user-friendly, efficient, smaller, and less expensive. Different types of ...